THE MIRROW IN THE MIRROW'S STORIES PART II

The fifth story is about a dancer. The fifth story is about a boyfriend. There was a boy who was prepared for a dancing with his special position all the time but the curtain never opened. He was desperate and wanted to complain about it, fighting with those who were in charge but could not because the presentation out wrong. Never opened the curtainand he was very sad. The believed that his presentation could be cancelled or anybody was in the public. This dancer lost all his dance routine and forgot any hope to present his dance. Finally, he stayed with the first position forever.

The sixth story is about a boyfriend's oddysey. From the door comes this  boyfriend who was burned by the desert. Then appeared a man who had no face.This man was well dressed and with an umbrella in his hand. The boyfriend wanted to look forward to seeing his beloved girlfriend and he had to choose the right path. The boyfriend told the man without a face he wanted the shortest path and ovbiamente was correct. Then they continued their journey ahead. Each step was more agonizingand more painful but the boyfriend wanted to see his beloved even more. They kept walking and there was a moment that the boyfriend could not but, he was dehydrated and destroyed by the sun and heat.The boyfriend proposed to the man without a face that in the night could continue for the night was cooler but the man without a face said "no" because there  always had a blue spotlight that never go out. The more steps oldest the boyfriend was coming down and he was afraid that his girlfriend was ugly now. The boyfriend pays suddenly but the other says that it is almost. The man without a face finally told he that they had arrived and there was his wife. The wife saw his boyfriend destroyed and  total elderly. She gave him a flower and leaves the place. The boyfriend said to himself that if his girlfriend maybe appear with him in another door.

The seveth story is about a couple of guys. The man was made by some letters and the woman is made by meat and bones. They was walking in a park. They saw a poster that said in itself a promotion shooting dards. The girl sais to the man she wanted that he shot the dards. He didn't accept because he was not confortable to shoot a mirrow which he was reflected in it. The girl was so angry and went to a butcher because that man knew a lot about meat and bones. The man saw that new couple and finally his words flay away with the wind and everybody were setting foot on his thoughts.

"PERPETUAL PEACE" : KANT

Perpetual peace is arguably seen as the starting point of contemporary liberal thought. Perpetual Peace is structured in two parts. The "Preliminary Articles" described the steps that should be taken immediately, or with all deliberate speed:

1. "No secret treaty of peace shall be held valid in which there is tacitly reserved matter for a future war"
2. "No independent states, large or small, shall come under the dominion of another state by inheritance, exchange, purchase, or donation"
3. "Standing armies shall in time be totally abolished"
4. "National debts shall not be contracted with a view to the external friction of states"
5. "No state shall by force interfere with the constitution or government of another state"
6. "No state shall, during war, permit such acts of hostility which would make mutual confidence in the subsequent peace impossible: such are the employment of assassins (percussores), poisoners (venefici), breach of capitulation, and incitement to treason (perduellio) in the opposing state"

Three Definitive Articles would provide not merely a cessation of hostilities, but a foundation on which to build a peace.

1. "The civil constitution of every state should be republican"
2. "The law of nations shall be founded on a federation of free states"
3. "The law of world citizenship shall be limited to conditions of universal hospitality".

What is the standing of a suvereign nation,

and what are its rights relative to other

sovereign nations?

What is our obligation to pursue peace?

Can intervention in the affairs of another

sovereign nation be justified?

Who, if anyone, has the right to intervene?

ALTHUCIOUS + GROCIO: SOCIAL PACT

BACKGROUND

• In middle ages, monarchy was controlled by the church (clery man). It is based by Augustine's philosophie.
• Augustine's philosophie said that the world was divided by two cities: "City of God" (Sion/Jerusalen) and "City of Men" (Babylon) that was the curch and it governor: the Pope.
• If a person wanted to control a State MUST have "Blue blood" but... what is that?. Read the next image: 

CONSEQUENCES

• Johannes Althocious (1557-1638) and Hugo Grocio (1583-1645) were the first thinkers who defended the "Nature Right".
• "Nature Right" or "IUSNATURALISM" is a law that says all people MUST to be alive and free. The monarchy have to satisfy and protect this law in the whole State. It turned to a "Positive Right".
• Then, the State will have the famous "Social Pact". Is a real or hypothetical agreement made ​​within a group by itsmembers, such as that acquired in a State with respect to the rights and duties of the state and its citizens.

JOHN LOCKE

• Widely known as the Father of Liberalism. Was an English philosopher and physician regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers. 
• He created the quotation "Tamquam Tabula Rasa". It is equivalent to a State of clarity, like a mirror
  reflected as it is. Innocence, without intellectual thoughts.
• Locke believed that human nature is characterized by reason and tolerance. Like Hobbes, Locke believed that human nature allowed men to be selfish. In a natural state all people were equal and independent, and everyone had a natural right to defend his “Life, health, Liberty, or Possessions".
• He also argues that the government should be formed by a king and parliament. The parliament is where popular sovereignty isexpressed and where laws are made to be met by both the kingand the people.

HOBBES - SPINOZA

THOMAS HOBBES:

• Was as an English philosopher, best known today for his work on political philosophy.
• In "Civil War" he realized human being is violent and selfish. He said that it is the "NATURAL STATE OF MAN".
• He created the famous quotation "HOMO HOMINI LUPUS". It means "Man is a Wolf to [his fellow] Man" --> "The man is evil by nature".
• His book "Leviatan" explain the human's behavior in the society. The society MUST be controlled by a governor or boss that express FEAR to themselves. This is the only way to make a "perfect-organized society".
• In the book and movie "Lord of the Flies" explain so good the natural behavior of human being. It is based on Hobbes' thoughts. 

BARUCH SPINOZA:

• Was as a Dutch Jewish philosopher. Revealing considerable scientific aptitude, the breadth and importance of Spinoza's work was not fully realized until years after his death. Today, he is considered one of the great rationalists of the 17th-century philosophy, laying the groundwork for the 18th century Enlightenment and modern biblical criticism.
• He called the Apparent Freedom "Conatus". Is the tendency to persevere, to maintain the existence. Is a basic feature, essential for all beings (living or inanimate). It is the survival instinct.
• So, the Real Freedom that human being has is the SOCIETY.